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https://www.iampsychiatry.uk/adult-adhd-medication/

Medications For ADHD and Anxiety Anxiety and ADHD are often cooccurring conditions and the symptoms of both can worsen each one Anxiety symptoms can also worsen when stimulants are employed to treat ADHD A number of studies have revealed that people who have comorbid ADHD and anxiety are less sensitive to psychostimulants This could be due to with the type of anxiety or which disorder is more difficult to treat at the moment Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines target gamma aminobutyric acid GABA which helps to calm the brain when it feels stressed These drugs can provide immediate relief from anxiety which can help you complete tasks that you might otherwise avoid They also have a calming effect which can help you sleep Benzodiazepines should not be used for longterm use because they can create tolerance to the therapeutic effects This can cause anger sedation and vivid or disturbing dreaming Longterm use can lead to dependence and addiction iampsychiatryuk should be used with caution in people with a history of substance abuse or depression They can also increase the chance of injury or overdose Medicines such as Klonopin clonazepam Xanax alprazolam and Valium diazepam are among the most popular benzodiazepines These medications are available in tablets liquids and in injections Some are shortacting and last for a few hours whereas others are longacting and can be taken for several days The benzodiazepines are categorized as pregnancy category D which means they may cause harm to fetus when used during pregnancy They can also be absorbed into breast milk and cause lethargy or weight loss in infants The longterm use of benzodiazepine can lead to physical dependence Even when the drug has been prescribed by a physician physical dependence can occur This could also happen if you combine benzodiazepines with other drugs such as stimulants or opiates The overdose of these drugs can cause death Alcohol is not recommended if you are taking benzodiazepines This can result in dangerous adverse effects including low blood pressure and coma If youre concerned about the risk of overdosing contact an ambulance immediately Emergency services wont inform the police if they cannot check your symptoms Antidepressants Antidepressants are usually prescribed by doctors to treat depression or anxiety The most popular antidepressants are SSRIs such as sertraline citalopram Cipralex and paroxetine These medications can reduce anxiety but they can have side consequences that hinder their effectiveness There are a variety of alternatives to reduce anxiety such as anticonvulsants benzodiazepines and gabapentin Pregabalin gabapentin and Lyrica Many people who suffer from ADHD suffer from anxiety disorders This can make their symptoms worse Fortunately there are drugs that can treat both conditions at once For example stimulants like methylphenidate Ritalin and dextroamphetamine Adderall increase levels of the chemical norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brain which boosts executive and attention functioning Certain doctors may also mix these drugs with SSRIs or other psychiatric drugs to ease anxiety and depression symptoms However some antidepressants particularly those that boost serotonin production can cause a decrease in sexual desire If you experience this talk to your doctor about changing the dose or switching medications Psychotherapy can also help boost libido and can be combined with medication Other types of antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxide inhibitors may also help to relieve depression and anxiety However these types of drugs are more likely to trigger side effects such as weight increase and anxiety These drugs are usually prescribed when newer treatments havent worked This is why theyre less popular today If they are required a doctor should start them with an initial dose and gradually titrate up to the appropriate dose This will reduce the chance of experiencing side effects A doctor may also suggest psychological therapy for people with a sensitization to these drugs Betablockers Betablockers were initially prescribed for heart problems They can reduce physical symptoms of anxiety such as a racing pulse trembling fingers and excessive sweating They work by blocking receptors where adrenaline binds and preventing it from stimulating nerve endings and trigger the fight or flight response These medications have immediate effects and are especially effective in situations such as public speaking or flying in an aircraft Jack Owens a psychiatrist says that people who suffer from anxiety related to situations or performance are the ideal candidates for these drugs He says that medications are not recommended for those suffering from anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder GAD is defined as a persistent anxiety fear and worry that interferes in everyday life Psychotherapy does not improve the condition Betablockers arent effective in addressing the psychological symptoms of GAD Propranolol is the most wellknown prescription drug used to treat anxiety It has been proven that it decreases the severity and frequency panic attacks It also appears to be effective at reducing the emotional impact of painful memories like those that are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD Studies of beta blockers in other anxiety disorders have been small and inconsistent Doctors typically prescribe other medications like SSRIs or benzodiazepines to those who suffer from these conditions In some cases the diet of a person could offer alternatives to betablockers that are natural Potassium and Larginine for instance can both reduce blood pressure through the reduction of sympathetic nerve activity and enlarging blood vessels These nutrients are found in dairy products that are lowfat as well as vegetables and fruits like potatoes coconut water potato and bananas These supplements are not recommended to people suffering from certain conditions such as heart disease or low blood pressure Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Medicines that inhibit monoamine oxidase enzymes MAO inhibitors have a long track record of treating depression panic attacks OCD generalized anxiety disorder and PTSD They block dopamine serotonin and norepinephrine breakdown in the brain MAO inhibitors include tranylcypromine phenelzine and selegiline These medications have more serious adverse effects than other antidepressants and should be taken under a physicians supervision as they could trigger an allergic reaction to certain foods including aged cheeses and cured meats They also have a much longer halflife than other antidepressants and can cause withdrawal syndrome if abruptly stopped Consequently MAOIs are typically prescribed only for patients who are not responding to other medication MAO inhibitors may interact with some foods and people taking MAO inhibitors should adhere to an adherence to a strict diet Additionally they should not take any other medications that raise blood pressure such as tyramine found in aged cheeses and certain wines and pseudoephedrine Ephedrine or phenylephrine as this combination can cause hypertensive crises MAO inhibitors must also take a break of 14 days prior to starting SSRIs and SNRIs or ECT These medications inhibit the MAOs actions MAO inhibitors should not be used in conjunction with stimulants as they can decrease their effectiveness Carbamazepine is another medication that should be avoided with MAO inhibitors since it could cause a potentially lifethreatening increase in body temperature and convulsions It is essential that patients who have been switched from stimulants to MAO inhibitors wait for two weeks before taking them again This will prevent the possibility of a dangerous interaction Its also important to note that MAO inhibitors can cause sedation and sleepiness which could be a problem for ADHD patients who have to drive or perform other tasks that require attention Psychotherapy Anxiety and Attention DeficitHyperactivity Disorder are often concomitant conditions It can also be associated with other mood disorders including depression For adults these disorders can impact family and work and make it difficult to form healthy relationships A therapist can help you learn how to manage your symptoms and overcome anxiety They can also teach coping techniques that can enhance the quality of your life These side effects can exacerbate anxiety despite the fact that they are effective These side effects include tics and changes in appetite These effects are typically minor and are treated or controlled by other medications Certain people can be dependent on stimulant medications This can lead to a decline in focus and the feeling of drowsiness In these cases it is suggested to switch to nonstimulant medication Anxiety symptoms and ADHD often cooccur so it is important to consult an expert in mental health regarding your concerns This will help you determine the root of the issue and other treatment options You can treat anxiety with psychotherapy or cognitivebehavioral therapy These therapies can help you change destructive behaviors and patterns of thinking It has been shown that some ADHD medications such as viloxazine or atomoxetine can help reduce depression and anxiety Other psychiatric medications such as antidepressants or clonidine may also be helpful A therapist can also help you learn relaxation techniques and other stressreducing techniques Many people suffering from ADHD are also prone to anxiety which can interfere with work and home life This can lead to feelings of failure and low selfesteem People who suffer from ADHD can also feel overwhelmed in social situations This can cause anxiety and a general feeling of unease These emotions can make it difficult to focus and can worsen symptoms of ADHD