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ADHD Medications What Are the Side Effects Many people with ADHD are treated with medication It can improve symptoms but it could also have negative effects If add in adults medication experience any adverse effects speak to your GP about them The most frequently prescribed medication prescribed by healthcare providers for ADHD is stimulants These drugs increase the amount of brain chemicals also known as neurotransmitters that regulate the attention span and behavior Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant of first choice used to treat ADHD in children and adults It works by enhancing the activity in brain areas that regulate behavior and attention Methylphenidate can also be used to treat other conditions like the disorder known as narcolepsy It can assist people suffering from Narcolepsy to remain awake and improve their ability to focus and pay attention This medication has a high abuse potential and is classified as a Schedule II drug in the US Drug Enforcement Agency It is recommended to take this medication exactly as prescribed to lower the risk of abuse and the adverse negative effects Methylphenidate may trigger psychotic symptoms for some people It may also worsen behavior problems and tics in those with Tourettes syndrome or bipolar disorder Before starting this medication people with these conditions must inform their doctor Tell your doctor if there are any other health concerns or if you are allergic to food or dyes For instance tartrazine is a yellow color that is present in processed foods and some medications If youre on Adhansia XR you should consult your doctor Methylphenidate can interact with certain drugs such as opioids antidepressants and monoamine oxide inhibitors These include isocarboxazid linezolid methylene blue rasagiline Emsam Zelapar or tranylcypromine Its also important to stay clear of drinking alcohol or other stimulant drugs while taking methylphenidate These drugs may affect your heart rate and blood pressure add medication adults with immediate release Ritalin the longacting oral disintegrating capsule and chewable tablets QuillichewER and CotemplaXR ODT as well as the long acting chewable tablets QuillichewER and Cotempla XRODT contain phenylalanine This could be dangerous in the case of a genetic disorder known as phenylketonuria occurs Bupropion Bupropion is an antidepressant medicine that works within the brain to improve mood and decrease symptoms of ADHD It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder SAD a type of depression that is common in the fall and winter months It is also utilized to aid in the cessation of smoking by reducing the craving for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms Bupropion has been found to reduce ADHD symptoms in adults in numerous studies The fixed effect RR pooled for improvements in week 6 using a clinically significant change of 30 or greater on the CGI is 114 95CI 095137 For overall response this equates to 52 percent of the bupropion group and 37 in the placebo group Bupropion could cause serious and sometimes lifethreatening interactions with a number of different drugs including sedatives antidepressants and some blood pressure drugs It can also increase the risk of seizure for those with a history of seizures or high blood pressure It is not recommended for certain medical conditions and women who are nursing or pregnant should not take it Bupropion is available under the brandname medication Wellbutrin SR Wellbutrin XL Zyban Budeprion SR Aplenzin and Forfivo XL It is also available in generic form Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants abbreviated TCAs are a class of drugs that alter brain chemicals They were one of the first antidepressants to be developed and although they are no longer a firstline treatment for depression they can still be effective for some patients suffering from other disorders They work by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine serotonin and noradrenaline by increasing their levels in neurons They are also useful in relieving a number of other conditions including pain syndromes and enuresis such as fibromyalgia and the phantom limb syndrome TCAs can be prescribed as a single or in conjunction with stimulants and can have a beneficial effect on the symptoms of ADHD They can improve core symptoms and can reduce anxiety depression and impulsiveness They can also aid in managing the tics These are uncontrollable repetitive actions or sounds like blinking or clearing the throat TCAs can cause side effects like dry mouth sedation and constipation and may increase the risk of heart issues They can also interfere with other medications like anticholinergics and should never be taken by pregnant women They are also known to cause teratogenic reactions in animals and they can cross the placenta Consult your doctor if concerned There are newer antidepressants with a lower risk of side negative effects Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs The SSRIs are an antidepressant class of drugs that hinder serotonin reuptake within neurons and help increase the amount of serotonin available for signaling They also decrease anxiety and the tendency to be impulsive They are utilized to treat adhd because they can help people suffering from their symptoms and work well in conjunction with other medications SSRIs include fluoxetine sertralineparoxetine and citalopram They have linear pharmacokinetics and have a low clearance from the human body However they are extensively metabolized by CYP450 enzymes in the liver This results in blood concentrations that fluctuate These drugs are also prescribed to treat other conditions such as major depression disorder bulimianervosa generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD The SSRIs fluoxetine and escitalopram and sertraline can help reduce PTSD core symptoms They dont appear to be effective in treating other PTSD symptoms The SSRIs can trigger a rare side effect of sexual dysfunction If youre considering taking one of these medications it is important to talk with your doctor A lot of people must try a few different types of ADHD medication before finding the one that suits them The development and research of new medications is ongoing It is important to tell your doctor about any medications you are taking Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SNRIs If stimulant medications do not work for adults suffering from ADHD doctors recommend a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibit SNRI These medications increase levels of norepinephrine and serotonin two brain chemicals They also improve mood and reduce anxiety and depression SNRIs are similar to TCAs however they are more secure and have fewer adverse effects They are prescribed for a variety of conditions including anxiety disorders chronic pain such as fibromyalgia and nerve pain Sometimes they are used to treat depression too Examples of SNRIs are duloxetine Cymbalta and venlafaxine Effexor These drugs work by preventing the absorption reuptake of norepinephrine which is a natural process that occurs in the brain following neurotransmission This causes a greater than normal phasic release The increased norepinephrine levels help improve concentration and mood The SNRIs havent been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD but certain doctors prescribe them as an alternative stimulant They are usually taken orally in the form of pills but they can be taken as liquids or patches In April 2021 the FDA approved an oral SNRI called viloxazine Qelbree to treat ADHD in kids and adolescents It is not a controlled medication since it doesnt have the potential of being misused Serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SNRIs SNRIs are antidepressants that affect the levels of norepinephrine as well as serotonin in the brain They are prescribed to treat anxiety and depression disorders but can also help control ADHD symptoms SNRI drugs like duloxetine and venlafaxine have been proven in numerous studies to significantly reduce scores on different ADHD tests SNRIs may increase blood pressure or interact with other medications It is important to consult with a physician prior to taking these drugs Moreover inappropriately discarded medication can harm people and animals and animals which is why it is crucial to follow the correct disposal guidelines SSRIs or SNRIs havent been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD but doctors may prescribe them offlabel They are safe and effective and have less negative effects than stimulants Talk with your doctor about your childs health issues and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these drugs SNRIs may increase the bodys levels of serotonin and norepinephrine however they are not appropriate for all Women who are nursing or pregnant should stay clear of taking SNRIs as they may be passed through breast milk They should also not be used by people who suffer from high blood pressure liver problems or other cardiovascular issues Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors DARPIs Many people suffering from ADHD discover that medication can help increase their focus and concentration Some individuals may also notice a decrease in impulsive behavior The treatment is usually paired with behavioral therapy and training which help people learn to control their symptoms It takes time to find the appropriate dosage and medication for each person During this time doctors will be monitoring the physical reactions of patients to find the right balance between the effects of side effects and the benefits Stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate boost the activity of certain brain chemicals that regulate memory and attention They are generally safe and effective for the majority of people but they can have serious side effects such as a decrease in appetite and difficulty sleeping These side effects usually disappear after some weeks as your body adjusts to the medication Nonstimulant medicines are also available for children and adults They can take longer to effect their effects however they can help improve impulse control and concentration They can include alpha2 adrenergic antagonists atomoxetine viloxazine and guanfacine hydrochloride Antidepressants also help treat ADHD They can boost the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in the brain and aid in depression and impulsive behavior Bupropion is a prime example of an antidepressant that has been employed to treat ADHD It was initially prescribed offlabel for ADHD but the drug companies eventually developed extendedrelease versions and the FDA approved it as a treatment for this condition