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lease email journalspermissionsoupcomOBJECTIVES To review the significance of MDM2 and cyclin D1 expression and loss of p16 expression in malignant and borderline Brenner tumors BTs of the ovary METHODS We describe 2 new cases of ovarian BT 1 malignant and 1 borderline We studied MDM2 p16 and cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry in the benign borderline and malignant components of these 2 cases and in 5 additional cases of benign BT We also reviewed and summarized the literature on the clinical immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of borderline and malignant BTs BdBTs and MBTs RESULTS Nuclear expression of MDM2 was seen only in the MBT Loss of p16 expression was seen in both BdBT and MBT Cyclin D1 expression was in proportion to the degree of malignancy Amplification of MDM2 loss of CDKN2A p16encoding gene and amplification of CCND1 cyclin D1encoding gene were confirmed by commercial nextgeneration sequencing in the case of MBT CONCLUSIONS We are the first to report immunohistochemical expression of MDM2 in an MBT Amplification of MDM2 and loss of p16 expression may have a role in malignant transformation of BT American Society for Clinical Pathology 2020 All rights reserved For permissions please email journalspermissionsoupcomRepeated exposure to insecticides particularly pyrethroids and organophosphates has resulted in the development of insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens a primary disease vector Glutathione Stransferase GST is involved in the phase II detoxification of numerous xenobiotics including insecticides In this study a GST gene CPIJ002678 was amplified sequenced and used in comprehensive molecular analyses ending up in development of a rapid assay to distinguish more tolerant individuals from susceptible Culex pipiens using the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism RFLP technique Field collected Culex pipiens strains from untreated areas organophosphatestreated areas and a lab strain reared for many generations all were used in CDC bottle bioassays to evaluate the susceptibility status of the studied individuals to malathion insecticide Interestingly both field sites collected groups showed high levels of resistance at the malathion diagnostic time Gene amplification and bidirectional direct sequencing results were analyzed Compared with the reference genome sequence the pairwise alignment of the amplified sequences showed 966 similarity to the reference sequence in the GenBank database The confirmed gene sequences were assembled and aligned using various bioinformatic softwares httpswwwselleckchemcomproductsykl5124html The assembled contigs were used in NEBcutter V20 for constructing restriction maps and checked for the availability of differences if present between susceptible and more tolerant strains Specific molecular RFLP markers were successfully recognized to differentiate the more tolerant from the susceptible Culex pipiens phenotypes The Authors 2020 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of AmericaAll rights reserved For permissions please email journalspermissionsoupcomBACKGROUND Improving appropriate antibiotic use is crucial for combating antibiotic resistance and unnecessary adverse drug reactions Acute respiratory illness ARI commonly causes outpatient visits and accounts for 41 of antibiotics used in the United States US We examined the influence of influenza vaccination on reducing antibiotic prescriptions among outpatients with ARI METHODS We enrolled outpatients aged 6 months with ARI from 5060 US clinics during five winters 20132018 and tested for influenza with RTPCR results were unavailable for clinical decisionmaking and clinical influenza testing was infrequent We collected antibiotic prescriptions and diagnosis codes for ARI syndromes We calculated vaccine effectiveness VE by comparing vaccination odds among influenzapositive cases to testnegative controls We estimated ARI visits and antibiotic prescriptions averted by influenza vaccination using estimates of VE coverage and prevalence of antibiotic prescriptions and influenza RErnalspermissionsoupcomWe aimed to investigate the safety feasibility and outcomes of thoracoscopic surgery for recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula rTEF after esophageal atresia repair The medical records and followup data of 31 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery for rTEF at a single institution were collected and reviewed In total 31 patients were enrolled with a median age of 7 months range 330 months and a median weight of 6000 g range 400012000 g before reoperation The median operation time for the entire series was 29 hours range 1575 hours and the median total hospitalization duration after surgery was 19 days range 11104 days One patient died of anastomotic leakage a second rTEF severe malnutrition and thoracic infection the mortality rate was 323 131 Nine patients 931 2903 had an uneventful recovery and the incidences of postoperative anastomotic leakage anastomotic stricture and second rTEF were 2581 6129 and 968 respectively After a median followup of 12 months range 324 months 26 survivors resumed full oral feeding 2 were tube fed 2 required a combination of methods and 4 patients experienced severe respiratory complications In total 9 patients had pathological gastroesophageal reflux and 2 patients eventually underwent Nissen fundoplication Of the 30 survivors with growth chart data the median weight for age Zscore height for age Zscore and weight for height Zscore were 046 range 51 to 28 075 range 27 to 47 and 114 range 68 to 30 respectively Thoracoscopic surgical repair for rTEF is safe feasible and effective with acceptable mortality and morbidity The Authors 2020 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus All rights reserved For permissions please email journalspermissionsoupcomOBJECTIVE This study compared the survival outcomes and the incidence of chemotherapyrelated adverse events in endometrial cancer patients who received four and six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy to examine the optimal number of adjuvant chemotherapy cycles METHODS A total of 112 patients with endometrial cancer with a high risk of recurrence were retrospectively enrolled 46 patients received four cycles and 66 received six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy Betweengroup differences of overall survival diseasefree survival hematological and nonhematological toxicities were analyzed Baseline patients background differences were assessed with inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score RESULTS Overall and diseasefree survivals between the two groups were not significantly different Paclitaxel carboplatin every 34 weeks was the most frequently used chemotherapy regimen in both groups Patients in the sixcycle chemotherapy group developed neutropenia G4 or febrile neutropenia more frequently than those in the fourcycle group odds ratio 95 confidence interval is 4