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A case can be made that depression evolved to facilitate a deliberate cognitive style rumination in response to complex often social problems What this further suggests is that those interventions that best facilitate the functions that those adaptations evolved to serve such as rumination are likely to be preferred over those like medications that simply anesthetize the distress We consider the mechanisms that evolved to generate depression and the processes utilized in cognitive behavior therapy to facilitate those functions from an adaptationist evolutionary perspectiveIn this report we present crosssectional and longitudinal findings from singlevoxel MEGAPRESS MRS of GABA as well as Glu and Glu glutamine Glx concentrations in the ACC of treatmentseeking alcoholdependent patients ADPs during detoxification first 2 weeks of abstinence check details The focus of this study was to examine whether the amount of benzodiazepine administered to treat withdrawal symptoms was associated with longitudinal changes in Glu Glx and GABA The tNAA levels served as an internal quality reference in agreement with the vast majority of previous reports these levels were initially decreased and normalized during the course of abstinence in ADPs Our results on Glu and Glx support hyperglutamatergic functioning during alcohol withdrawal by showing higher ACC Glu and Glx levels on the first day of detoxification in ADPs Withdrawal severity is reflected in cumulative benzodiazepine requirements throughout the withdrawal period The importance of withdrawal severity for the study of GABA and Glu changes in early abstinence is emphasized by the benzodiazepinedependent Glu Glx and GABA changes observed during the course of abstinenceBackground This study assessed the hypothesis that violent behavior prior to admission prolongs psychiatric hospitalization and evaluated the likelihood of hospital discharge to a community care setting based on demographic and clinical factors with an emphasis on violent behavior Methods We retrospectively selected 362 patients who were involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Japan from December 1 2015 to November 30 2017 stayed longer than planned and underwent review by a multidisciplinary team We assessed a education and marital status and history of substance abuse b the presenceabsence and type of violent behavior that led to hospital admission and c the discharge criteria We divided the subjects into groups according to whether they had demonstrated violent behavior prior to admission and compared demographic and clinical variables between the groups using bivariate analysis We also analyzed data using the Cox proportional hazard model defining discharge to the community as the outcome Age sex and variables that were significant at a level of P less then 005 based on Cox univariate analysis were included in the multivariate models using the forced entry method Results The Violent group included 94 patients 26 There were no significant betweengroup differences in age sex educational background marital history career history or the history of substance abuse However hospitalization was significantly longer in the Nonviolent group The Cox proportional multivariate hazard ratios revealed that violent behavior prior to admission resulted in a higher probability of hospital discharge Conclusion Violent behavior prior to admission did not significantly contribute to prolonged hospitalization in patients who deviated from the treatment plan and had exceeded the planned hospitalization duration Our findings recommend caution when using violence and impulsiveness observed during the acute stage to predict the difficulty of longterm treatmentA previous study reported that 3min of highintensity static stretching at an intensity of 120 of range of motion ROM did not change the muscle stiffness of the rectus femoris because of the overly high stress of the stretching The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of highintensity static stretching of a shorter duration or lower intensity on the flexibility of the rectus femoris than that of the previous study Two experiments were conducted Experiment 1 and 2 In Experiment 1 eleven healthy men underwent static stretching at the intensity of 120 of ROM for two different durations 1 and 3 min In Experiment 2 fifteen healthy men underwent 3min of static stretching at the intensity of 110 of ROM The shear elastic modulus of the quadriceps were measured In Experiment 1 ROM increased in both interventions p less then 001 but the shear elastic modulus of the rectus femoris was not changed In Experiment 2 ROM significantly increased p less then 001 and the shear elastic modulus of the rectus femoris significantly decreased p less then 005 It was suggested that the stretching intensity 110 is more important than stretching duration to decrease the muscle stiffness of the rectus femorisThis study aimed to analyze the status of sarcopenia obesity osteoporosis and cardiometabolic disease according to the level of physical activity PA among elderly people in Korea Among the data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 20082011 we analyzed the data of a total of 3573 Korean elderly people over 65 years of age who were surveyed for dual Xray absorptiometry DXA and PA Higher levels of PA were associated with a lower prevalence of cardiometabolic disease χ2 33865 p less then 0001 osteoporosis χ2 94198 p less then 0001 sarcopenia obesity and sarcopenic obesity χ2 71828 p less then 0001 Above moderateactive PA was associated with lower body weight p less then 0001 body fat mass p less then 0001 and percent body fat p less then 0001 and higher freefat mass p less then 0001 and appendicular skeletal muscle mass ASM p less then 0001 than in lowactive PA In addition when highactive is the risk factors of cae significantly decreased in highactive PA Therefore we verified a lower prevalence of sarcopenia osteoporosis obesity and cardiac metabolic disease in Korean elderly with more active PA This suggests that more active PA maybe reduce the prevalence of sarcopenia osteoporosis obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in older adults