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The Theory of Evolution The theory of evolution is based on the fact that certain traits are passed down more frequently than other traits These traits allow individuals to survive and reproduce so they tend to increase in numbers over time Scientists are now able to understand how this process is carried out For instance research on the clawed frog showed that duplicate genes often serve different purposes Evolution is an organic process Natural selection is the process that results in organisms evolving to be best at adapting to the environment they live in It is one of the primary mechanisms of evolution along with mutations or migrations as well as genetic drift People with traits that aid in survival and reproduction are more likely to pass these traits to their children which results in gradual changes in the frequency of genes over time This results in new species being born and existing species being altered In the 19th century Charles Darwin formulated a scientific theory that explained how biological organisms changed over time The theory is based on the concept that more offspring are produced than can survive and that the offspring compete with each other for resources in their physical environment This creates an evolutionary struggle where those with the best traits win and others are eliminated The remaining offspring transmit the genes for these beneficial traits to their children which in turn give them an advantage over other members of the same species As time passes the number of organisms that have these traits increases It is hard to imagine how natural selection could generate new traits if its main purpose is to eliminate those who are not physically fit Additionally the majority of types of natural selection deplete genetic variation within populations Natural selection is not likely to create new traits without the involvement of other forces 에볼루션 룰렛 drift genetic and migration are three main evolutionary forces which change the frequency of gene expression These processes are accelerated by sexual reproduction and the fact that each parent passes on half of its genes to each offspring These genes also known as alleles can occur at different frequencies among individuals of the same species The allele frequencies determine whether a trait will be dominant or recessive A mutation is merely an alteration in the DNA code of an organism The mutation causes some cells to expand and grow into a distinct entity while others dont Mutations can increase the frequency of alleles that already exist or create new ones The new alleles then get passed on to the next generation and become dominant phenotypes Natural selection is the mainstay of evolution Natural selection is a simple process that alters the populations of living organisms over time It is the result of heritable phenotypic variation and different reproduction These causes create a situation where individuals with positive traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with no beneficial traits As time passes this process leads to an alteration in the gene pool thereby making it more closely matched to the environment in which they reside This is the premise that Darwin derived from his survival of the fittest This process is based on the assumption that individuals can adapt to their surroundings by displaying various traits Adaptive traits increase the likelihood of individuals to survive and reproduce as well as produce a lot of offspring BioMed Central states that this will eventually lead to the trait to spread across the population Eventually everyone in the population will have the trait and the population will change This is referred to as evolution People with less adaptive traits are likely to die or will not be able to produce offspring and their genes will not make it to future generations As time passes genetically modified organisms are more likely to dominate the population They will also evolve into new species But this isnt a guaranteed process The environment can change abruptly which causes the adaptations to be obsolete Sexual selection is another aspect that can affect the evolution Some traits are favored when they increase the likelihood of an individual mating with someone else This can lead to bizarre phenotypes such as brightlycolored plumage on birds or oversized antlers on deer These phenotypes might not be beneficial to the organism but they can increase their chances of survival and reproducing Some students also misunderstand natural evolution as they confuse it with soft inheritance Soft inheritance is not necessary for evolution but it is usually a key element This is because soft inheritance allows for random modifications of DNA and the creation of new genetic variants that arent immediately beneficial to the organism These mutations are then used as raw material by natural selection Genetics is the foundation of evolution Evolution is the natural process through which species inherited characteristics change over time It is influenced by various factors such as mutation in gene flow gene flow and horizontal gene transfers The frequency of alleles within a population can also affect the evolution This permits the selection of traits that are beneficial in the new environment The theory of evolution is a fundamental idea in biology and has profound implications for the understanding of life on Earth Darwins theories when paired with Linnaeus notions of relational ties and Lamarcks theories on inheritance transformed the idea of how traits are passed on from parent to offspring Darwin argued that parents passed on traits inherited from their parents by their use or lack of use however they were instead preferred or disfavored by the environment they lived in and passed the information to their children Darwin referred to this as natural selection and his book The Origin of Species outlined how this could result in the creation of new species Random genetic changes or mutations occur in the DNA of cells These mutations can result in many phenotypic traits including hair color and eye color and are affected by a myriad of environmental variables Certain phenotypic traits can be controlled by multiple genes and some possess more than two alleles such as blood type A B or O Modern Synthesis is a framework that combines Darwinian theories of evolution and Mendels genetics It integrates macroevolutionary changes that are found in fossil records with microevolutionary processes like genetic mutation and traitselection Macroevolution is a process which takes a long time and can only be seen in fossil records Microevolution on the other hand is a process which is much more rapid and can be observed in living organisms Microevolution is triggered by genetic mutation and selection which act on a smaller scale than macroevolution However it can be accelerated by other mechanisms such as gene flow or horizontal gene transfer The process of evolution is based on chance The idea that evolution occurs by chance is an argument that has long been used by those who oppose evolution But this argument is flawed and it is important to know the reasons The argument is based on a misinterpretation of randomness and contingency This mistake is the result of a misreading the nature of biological contingency as described by Stephen Jay Gould He claimed that genetic information does not develop randomly but is dependent on previous events He relied on the fact that DNA is an incarnation of genes which are dependent on other molecules Every biological process follows an order of causality The argument is also flawed because of its reliance on the laws of physics and practice of science These statements are not just logically unsound but also false In addition the practice of science requires a causal determinism which is not strict enough to be able to identify all natural phenomena In his book Brendan Sweetman aims to give a balanced accessible introduction to the relationship between evolutionary theory and Christian theology He is not a flamboyant author but a patient one which fits his goals that include separating the scientific status and implications for the faith of evolutionary theory Although the book isnt as comprehensive as it could be however it provides a useful overview of the issues in this debate It also clarifies that evolutionary theories are wellsubstantiated and widely accepted worthy of rational approval However the book is less than persuasive on the issue of whether God plays any part in evolution While Pokemon that are traded with other trainers cannot be cultivated for free trading is an effective method to save Candy and time Trading Pokemon with other players reduces the cost of developing certain Pokemon by using the traditional method This is particularly beneficial for highlevel Pokemon that require plenty of Candy to evolve