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https://www.iampsychiatry.uk/adult-adhd-medication/

ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medication is the initial option for treating ADHD They have a long track record of robust response good tolerance and safety throughout the life span It is important to choose the right medication and dosage that relieves your childs or your own symptoms without causing side adverse effects This usually requires a lot of trial and trial and regular dialog with your doctor Stimulants Stimulants are substances that enhance the activity of the central nervous system Students athletes artists workers and others take them to boost their performance and cognitive abilities They also serve to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD as well as narcolepsy binge eating disorder and other anxiety disorders Amphetamines methylphenidates and other stimulant medications are among the most frequently used FDAapproved prescription stimulants are available in both extendedrelease and immediaterelease formulations Immediaterelease medications are usually taken every four hours as required When they stop working they can cause an abrupt and brief decrease in energy The crash can cause extreme craving mood swings and fatigue Immediaterelease medications also can increase heart rate and blood pressure for some people particularly those who dont eat enough Extendedrelease drugs are designed to release active ingredients over a time of 8 to 16 hours Your doctor may recommend this kind of medication if you are looking for longlasting symptom control without having to take a pill multiple times per day Methylphenidate medications in the extendedrelease category include Ritalin Concerta and Focalin Another alternative is the longacting methylphenidate patch called Daytrana that adheres to the skin as a bandaid and lasts throughout the day This kind of medication can be prescribed to adults with ADHD and need a daily dosage that lasts longer than immediaterelease alternatives Stimulant medications dont treat ADHD However they can assist in managing symptoms by improving the way neurons in the brain communicate with each and each They do this by affecting the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain such as dopamine and norepinephrine by blocking or binding to their receptors This permits the release of more neurotransmitters which helps to improve the transmission and reception of messages between neurons In addition to stimulants doctors sometimes prescribe antidepressants to treat ADHD Most antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD work on the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain Selective serotoninreuptake inhibitors are a good option for those suffering from depression or anxiety These medications are often combined with stimulants to enhance their effectiveness Other reasons why your doctor may switch you between stimulant and nonstimulant medications is if your current medication isnt working or produces unacceptably adverse side effects Longacting Stimulants can help 7080 of children and adults with ADHD They can reduce symptoms like fidgeting talking over others and losing focus in conversations or tasks They also enhance the quality of work and social skills The stimulant medication begins to work once it has crossed the bloodbrain barriers which can take between 45 and 60 minutes They increase the levels of dopamine and Norepinephrine between brain cells which decreases the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity FDAapproved stimulant medication uses one of two molecules methylphenidate Adderall Ritalin Vyvanse Concerta or amphetamine Ritalin Adderall XR Vyvanse Vyvanse These stimulants can trigger side effects such as nausea and loss of appetite They can also cause increased blood pressure They can also cause anxiety and headaches They can also cause tics to become worse and they may cause sleep issues in certain people Longacting stimulants such as Strattera or Wellbutrin work all day and night Shortacting medicines only last for a short period of time They can also be used to treat other conditions such as anxiety or depression These medications work by changing the way your body regulates monoamine oxidases Monoamine oxidases are enzymes which break down dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain These chemicals stay in your body for longer if not broken down This could affect your behavior and even your thinking Longacting drugs can have lesser adverse effects and your doctor will prescribe smaller doses that you consume throughout the day Certain stimulants are available in extendedrelease forms that you take every day This is a good option for some adults but its crucial to remember that you take them each day Other medications have been found to be effective for a lot of adults suffering from ADHD which includes selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors SSRIs SSRIs are generally prescribed for depression or anxiety however they can also be prescribed for ADHD About 70 of people respond to these drugs Bupropion also known as Wellbutrin is an SSRI approved for ADHD It was proven to be more effective in a controlled trial than placebos These medications can trigger serious side effects such as hearing ringing anxiety and changes in vision heart and lung function Shortacting Stimulant medications reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine within the brain These two chemicals aid people to manage their behavior and stay focused These drugs come in many different forms and each has its own brand such as Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta There are two primary types of stimulant medicines amphetamines and methylphenidates All have similar effects however they differ in the length of their effect The methylphenidates can have a shorterlasting effect lasting up to three hours Amphetamines on the other are more effective Some people can tolerate stimulant medication better than others which is why your doctor may prescribe them It is important to learn everything you can about the drug including potential side effects how often it should be taken and any warnings specific to the medication that should be observed This will assist you and your physician determine the best medication for you It is important to know that these medications may cause certain negative adverse effects like difficulty sleeping or a loss of appetite Talk to your doctor if you experience these side effects You may have to adjust the dosage or even try a different medication Adults with ADHD who dont respond well to stimulants could be treated with nonstimulant medicines that take longer to start working but improve a persons ability to pay attention and manage impulses These medications can be prescribed either alone or in combination The first is atomoxetine brand names Strattera and Qelbree which works by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex which regulates the behavior Another is guanfacine brand name Intuniv that belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha agonists They work by preventing the absorption of brain chemicals and increasing their level in the bloodstream Guanfacine was initially developed to treat high blood pressure has been proved to be effective in treating ADHD Combinations People with ADHD utilize a variety of drug combinations These include stimulants and depressants such as the guanfacine or clonidine These drugs have a calming effect on the brain and can help reduce symptoms like insomnia and aggressive behavior They also help prevent the onset of withdrawal from stimulants However this combination can be dangerous if not properly used Combining two stimulants at the same time increases the risk of serotonin syndrome a drug emergency that occurs when the body is flooded with too much serotonin This combination may also increase the heart rate and blood pressure The risks of taking this medication are more pronounced for people with preexisting conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease Teenagers and young adults are increasingly using stimulant combinations iampsychiatryuk are often described as legal highs and are available in pharmacies They are also available on the black market These substances are dangerous particularly when they are mixed with alcohol or other drugs This is referred to as polydrug use and can be very dangerous Mixing drugs can trigger unpredictable and harmful effects including increased heart rate slowed breathing paranoia hallucinations seizures and addiction Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD according to the findings of a study Combining medication increased compliance and allowed patients to get better relief from symptoms than monotherapy A majority of patients however were unable to continue treatment due side effects In some instances the medication has been removed due to sleep issues or worsening of tics This could be a result of poor diagnosis or a lack of access to medication Nonstimulants are an alternative treatment for ADHD They can enhance the ability to focus and control impulses however they dont work as well as stimulants They are less likely to suppress appetite and increase Certain antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD However they have a smaller chance of improving concentration and focus Numerous studies have demonstrated that atomoxetine and methylphenidate Concerta can be used together to achieve better results than either on its own Combining these two drugs improved the adherence of patients and decreased adverse effects for the majority of people The combination was also effective for adolescents and young adults This combination could be a viable option for children suffering from severe ADHD