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Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD Many adults arent diagnosed until their symptoms cause major difficulties at school at work or at home The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision of the American Psychiatric Association DSM5 is used by health care professionals to diagnose mental disorders A thorough evaluation will include ADHD symptom lists and standardized scales for assessing behavior Health care professionals will inquire about the familys history and review the school records from the past Symptoms Symptoms of ADHD can affect the lives of a person at home school or work They can lead to problems in relationships and careers financial difficulties and even a drivers license They can also trigger emotional distress It is common for people to struggle concentrating or staying organised at times However if the problem becomes chronic and interferes with everyday functioning a medical provider may be able diagnose ADHD A health professional must assess the person in two distinct settings including at home and in school as well as in workplace and social settings The health care professional must monitor the patient for a minimum of six months and determine whether the symptoms are impacting their ability to perform The symptoms must have begun before the age 12 years old Children who meet diagnostic criteria for hyperactivityimpulsivity or inattentive type of ADHD usually are fidgety talkative and have excess energy that keeps them from sitting still They often are unable to wait their turn and often interrupt or interfere with others Children with the inattentive type of ADHD are incapable of sitting or waiting quietly and have trouble following instructions or staying on task They are usually distracted by their thoughts or forgetful and are easily distracted by their surroundings They are more likely to be ignored and miss out on opportunities to learn especially in elementary school which could make them vulnerable to failure later in life The hyperactiveimpulsive type of ADHD is most common in children and involves the presence of at least six symptoms that include extreme restlessness trouble with paying attention constant movement or on the go behavior excess energy and talkativeness They are unable to sit or waiting for their turn blurting out answers before the questions are finished and have trouble controlling their emotions It is a relief to receive an diagnosis of ADHD however its not always simple Its okay to feel embarrassed However honesty is the best way to go For some a diagnosis will be the first time theyve realized their problems have a adhd diagnosis uk adults will help them alter the way they view themselves resulting in positive changes Diagnosis When it concerns ADHD symptoms can manifest at different times for kids and adults For children they usually begin in elementary school but for adults its a bit later The symptoms could be mild moderate or severe They can also be a combination of inattention and hyperactivityimpulsivity or more focused on one or the other In some cases the condition is not properly diagnosed It could be autism or a mood disorders like anxiety or depression If your child or teen shows signs of ADHD the first step is to talk to your doctor They will perform an examination of the body including vision and audio to ensure that there is no other issue Your child and you will be asked to fill out an inventory of symptoms They will also ask what the effects of their symptoms are on their school and home life Theyll also want to hear about any past problems theyve experienced For adults a healthcare professional who is qualified to diagnose ADHD will conduct behavioral interviews and clinical scales or checklists for symptoms to determine if they meet the requirements for diagnosis They may also conduct psychological tests to gauge your cognitive abilities and learn how you process information and think They could also conduct a brain scan using the Neuropsychiatric EEG Assessment Aid NEBA that is FDAapproved NEBA which measures the activity of certain parts of your brain that regulate the ability to focus and the ability to be impulsive They will also review your medical records to see whether there are any additional mental health issues or injuries like head trauma or thyroid problems that could cause similar symptoms They may refer you for thorough evaluation by a psychologist or psychiatrist To get a diagnosis of ADHD you must have a minimum of six or more signs that began in childhood or prior to the age of 12 The symptoms must last at least six months and cause significant problems with your daily activities Adults need to meet a lower threshold to be diagnosed however the same criteria apply You must have a minimum of five or more symptoms and these must interfere with your work home and social life Treatment Treatment aims to ease symptoms and restore functioning at home work and at school There are a myriad of treatment options such as treatment with medication and therapy for behavior Some people find success by making lifestyle changes such as using a planner a notebook and arranging tasks ahead of time Others might benefit from specific learning disabilities treatments like metacognitive training that helps to improve their organizational skills and problemsolving abilities or cognitive behavioral therapy to deal with cognitive distortions which can lead to low moods and low selfesteem Health professionals who have been specifically trained to diagnose ADHD can recommend the best treatment plan for a persons situation They will evaluate the symptoms of the patient and if they are an adult they will also consider their childhood and school experiences They will use clinical interviews behavior ratings scales and checklists of symptoms to determine if the person is in compliance with diagnostic criteria for ADHD They may also ask about the family history of mental illness and physical conditions Theyll ask the individual their parents and teachers about their moods behaviors and attitudes and about how theyve changed over time A diagnosis of ADHD is dependent on the presence of more than six symptoms that start before age 12 and create difficulties in two or more settings home school and social situations The symptoms have to be present for at minimum six months Additionally the symptoms must be significantly more troublesome than what is expected for a person who is that old A medical checkup is typically done to ensure that the patient isnt suffering from any other health issues Doctors will review the patients medical and psychiatric history and review their symptoms They may also recommend an hearing or eye test Some people with ADHD have a genetic predisposition to develop the condition If the person has a parent or a sibling with ADHD they have about a 91 chance of being diagnosed with the disorder ADHD is often associated with a anxiety or mood disorder These conditions can be more difficult to treat than ADHD by itself Prevention Many things including some medical conditions as well as certain kinds of learning disabilities can cause similar symptoms to those of ADHD It is important to speak with a mental health professional or health care provider for an evaluation prior to making a diagnosis The professional will inquire with your child about their symptoms and how they affect their daily lives They can use checklists or rating scales to determine if your child has ADHD They can also conduct an examination and test for hearing or vision issues They can also request an EEG brain scan which analyzes beta and theta waves to check on changes in your childs brain function To be able to diagnose a child with ADHD they must have several symptoms that are noticeably greater than what is normal for their age or developmental level Hyperactivity inattention andor impulsivity must cause serious problems at school home or work The symptoms can also impact your childs ability to interact with others If your child is suffering from moderate or severe ADHD They will require medication in order to lead an ordinary life Children with ADHD may have trouble following instructions and staying on track This can result in low grades and a lack of selfesteem They may also have difficulty in social relationships because they are unable to recognize social cues They often interrupt others and appear violent or intense They are susceptible to anxiety depression substance misuse and issues with relationships People who suffer from mild ADHD have symptoms that are noticeable but do not interfere with their daily lives or make it difficult to maintain relationships or work Those with moderate or severe ADHD are more prone to symptoms and are more likely to suffer issues with their jobs like difficulties in keeping an occupation getting along with colleagues or maintaining relationships If they do not seek treatment may face serious consequences This could include financial problems and health issues as well as legal issues There are many treatments for ADHD that include psychosocial and behavioral therapy such as diet and nutrition exercise medication for sleep and other treatments NIMH provides more information about these options and ways to discuss them with your family