Alina Bell
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at the Altmetric score and conventional bibliometrics can be treated as complementary metrics Given the trend towards increasing use of social media additional investigation is warranted to evaluate the evolving role of social media metrics to assess the dissemination and impact of scientific findings in the field of pathology Hologic is developing a digital cytology platform An educational website was launched for users to review these digitized Pap test cases The aim of this study was to analyze data captured from this website ThinPrep Pap test slides were scanned at 40 using a volumetric 14 focal plane technique Website cases consisted of an image gallery and whole slide image WSI LDC7559 chemical structure Over a 13 month period data were recorded including diagnoses time participants spent online and number of clicks on the gallery and WSI 51289 cases were reviewed by 918 reviewers Cytotechnologists spent less time M Median 650 s than pathologists M 822 s reviewing cases 0001 Longer times were associated with incorrect diagnoses and cases with organisms Cytotechnologists matched the reference diagnoses in 85 of cases compared to pathologists who matched in 798 While in 62 of cases reviewers only examined the gallery they attained the correct diagnosis 927 of the time Pathologists made more clicks volumetric scanning image gallery format and ability for users to freely navigate the entire digital slide The tumor microenvironment is highly heterogeneous and it is understood to affect tumor progression and patient outcome A number of studies have reported the prognostic significance of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes and tumor budding in colorectal cancer CRC However the significance of the intratumoral heterogeneity present in the spatial distribution of these features within the tumor immune microenvironment TIME has not been previously reported Evaluating this intratumoral heterogeneity may aid the understanding of the TIMEs effect on patient prognosis as well as identify novel aggressive phenotypes which can be further investigated as potential targets for new treatment In this study we propose and apply two spatial statistical methodologies for the evaluation of the intratumor heterogeneity present in the distribution of CD3 and CD8 lymphocytes and tumor buds TB in 232 Stage II CRC cases GetisOrd hotspot analysis was applied to quantify the cold and hotspots defined as regions with a significantly low or high number of each feature of interest respectively A novel spatial heatmap methodology for the quantification of the cold and hotspots of each feature of interest which took into account both the interpatient heterogeneity and the intratumor heterogeneity was further developed Resultant data from each analysis characterizing the spatial intratumor heterogeneity of lymphocytes and TBs were used for the development of two new highly prognostic risk models Our results highlight the value of applying spatial statistics for the assessment of the intratumor heterogeneity Both GetisOrd hotspot and our proposed spatial heatmap analysis are broadly applicable across other tissue types as well as other features of interest The code underpinning this publication can be accessed at httpsdoiorg1017630c2306fe966e24442ad89f986220053e2 The code underpinning this publication can be accessed at httpsdoiorg1017630c2306fe966e24442ad89f986220053e2 Histology the microscopic study of normal tissues is a crucial element of most medical curricula Learning tools focused on histology are very important to learners who seek diagnostic competency within this important diagnostic arena Recent developments in machine learning ML suggest that certain ML tools may be able to benefit this histology learning platform Here we aim to explore how one such tool based on a convolutional neural network can be used to build a generalizable multiclassification model capable of classifying microscopic images of human tissue samples with the ultimate goal of providing a differential diagnosis a list of lookalikes for each entity We obtained three institutional training datasets and one generalizability test dataset each containing images of histologic tissues in 38 categories Models were trained on data from single institutions low quantity combinations of multiple institutions and high quantity combinations of multiple institutions Models were tested aptimal models are those that incorporate both diversity and quantity into their platformss This pilot study highlights the significance of data diversity within such studies As expected optimal models are those that incorporate both diversity and quantity into their platformss The study is aimed to verify Aperio AT2 scanner for reporting on the digital pathology platform DP and to validate the cohort of pathologists in the interpretation of DP for routine diagnostic histopathological services in Wales United Kingdom This was a large multicenter study involving seven hospitals across Wales and unique with 22 largest number pathologists participating 7491 slides from 3001 cases were scanned on Leica Aperio AT2 scanner and reported on digital workstations with Leica software of eslide manager A senior pathology fellow compared DP reports with authorized reports on glass slide GS A panel of expert pathologists reviewed the discrepant cases under multiheader microscope to establish ground truth 2745 out of 3001 91 cases showed complete concordance between DP and GS reports Two hundred and fiftysix cases showed discrepancies in diagnosis of which 170 56 were deemed of no clinical significance by the review panel There were 86 29 clinically significant discpathology practise standardization across the whole country contributed to intraobserver variations This study did not include Cytopathology and in situ hybridization slides Difficulty in achieving surgical pathology practise standardization across the whole country contributed to intraobserver variations The COVID19 pandemic accelerated the widespread adoption of digital pathology DP for primary diagnosis in surgical pathology This paradigm shift is likely to influence how we function routinely in the postpandemic era We present learnings from early adoption of DP for a live digital signout from home in a riskmitigated environment We aimed to validate DP for remote reporting from home in a realtime environment and evaluate the parameters influencing the efficiency of a digital workflow Eighteen pathologists prospectively validated DP for remote use on 567 biopsy cases including 616 individual parts from 7 subspecialties over a duration from March 21 2020 to June 30 2020 The slides were digitized using Roche Ventana DP200 wholeslide scanner and reported from respective homes in a riskmitigated environment Following rereview of glass slides there was no major discordance and 12 7567 minor discordance The deferral rate was 45 All pathologists reported from their respective homes from laptops with an average network speed of 20 megabits per second