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Pragmatic Genuine Philosophy Pragmatism places emphasis on experience and context It may lack a clear set of foundational principles or a cohesive ethical framework This could result in an absence of idealistic ambitions and transformative change Unlike deflationary theories of truth the pragmatic theories of truth do not deny the notion that statements correlate to states of affairs They only explain the role truth plays in practical endeavors Definition The term pragmatic is used to refer to people or things that are practical logical and sensible It is often used to differentiate between idealistic which is an idea or a person that is founded on high principles or ideals When making decisions the pragmatic person considers the real world and the current circumstances They concentrate on what is realistically achievable instead of trying to find the ideal course of action Pragmatism is an emerging philosophical movement that stresses the importance of practical implications in determining meaning truth or value It is a third alternative to the dominant analytic and continental traditions of philosophy Founded by Charles Sanders Peirce William James and Josiah Royce pragmatism developed into two competing streams of thought one inclining towards relativism while the other towards realist thought The nature of truth is a central issue in pragmatism While a majority of pragmatists agree that truth is an important concept they differ on how to define it and how it is used in the real world One approach influenced heavily by Peirce and James concentrates on how people resolve problems make assertions and gives priority to the speechacts and justifying projects that people use to determine whether something is true Another approach that is inspired by Rorty and his followers focuses on the comparatively simple functions of truththe way it serves to generalize commend and cautionand is less concerned with a complete theory of truth The first flaw with this neopragmatic method of determining truth is that it stray with relativism since the concept of truth is a concept with such a long and extensive history that it is unlikely that it could be reduced to the mundane applications that pragmatists assign it In addition pragmatism seems to dismiss the existence of truth in its metaphysical aspect This is reflected by the fact that pragmatists like Brandom who owe a lot to Peirce and James and are mostly silent about metaphysics while Dewey has made only one reference to truth in his many writings Purpose The purpose of pragmatism was to provide a different perspective to the analytic and Continental styles of philosophy Charles Sanders Peirce William James and their Harvard colleague Josiah Royce 18601916 were the first to introduce its first generation These classical pragmatists focused on theorizing inquiry meaning and the nature of truth Their influence spread to a number influential American thinkers such as John Dewey 18601952 who applied their ideas to education and social improvement in other dimensions Jane Addams 18601935 was the social worker who founded the field also benefited from this influence In recent years an emerging generation has given pragmatism a new debate platform While they are different from classic pragmatists these neopragmatists believe themselves to be part of the same tradition Their principal figure is Robert Brandom whose work is centered around semantics and the philosophy of language but also draws upon the philosophy of Peirce and James The neopragmatists have a different understanding of what it takes for an idea to be real The classical pragmatists focused on a concept called truthfunctionality which states that an idea is genuinely true if it is useful in practice The neopragmatists instead focus on the idea of ideal warranted assertibility which says that an idea is genuinely true if a claim about it can be justified in a certain way to a specific group of people This viewpoint is not without its flaws A common criticism is that it could be used to support all sorts of silly and illogical ideas The gremlin theory is a prime example Its a useful concept that can be applied in real life but is unfounded and probably absurd Its not a major issue but it does highlight one of the biggest flaws in pragmatism it can be used to justify almost everything which includes many absurd ideas Significance Pragmatic means practical relating to the consideration of actual situations and conditions when making decisions It can also be used to refer to a philosophical perspective that emphasizes the practical implications in determining the meaning truth or values The term pragmatism was first used to describe this view about a century ago when William James 18421910 pressed it into service in a speech at the University of California Berkeley James claimed he invented the term with his mentor and friend Charles Sanders Peirce but the pragmatist view soon earned its own name The pragmatists resisted the sharp dichotomies of analytic philosophy such as fact and value thought and experience mind and body analytic and synthetic and other such distinctions They also rebuffed the idea of truth as something fixed or objective instead describing it as a dynamic sociallydetermined concept Classical pragmatists were focused on theorizing inquiry meaning and the nature of truth though James put these ideas to work in examining truth in religion John Dewey 18591952 was an influential figure on a new generation of pragmatists who applied this approach to education politics and other aspects of social improvement The neopragmatists of recent years have tried to place pragmatism in an overall Western philosophical context and have traced the affinities of Peirces theories with Kant and other idealists from the 19th century as well as with the new science of evolutionary theory They have also attempted to understand the role of truth in an original epistemology of a posteriori and to create a metaphilosophy that is pragmatic and includes a view of language meaning and the nature of knowledge Nevertheless pragmatism has continued to develop and the epistemology of a posteriori that it developed is still regarded as an important distinction from traditional methods The pragmatic theory has been criticized for a long time however in recent years it has been receiving more attention Some of these include the notion that pragmatism is ineffective when applied to moral issues and that its assertion of what works is nothing more than a realism with an unpolished appearance Methods For Peirce his pragmatic understanding of truth was a key element of his epistemological plan 프라그마틱 환수율 saw it as a way of destroying false metaphysical notions like the Catholic conception of transubstantiation Cartesian methods of seeking certainty in epistemology and Kants notion of a thinginitself Simson 2010 For many modern pragmatists the Pragmatic Maxim is all that one can reasonably expect from a theory of truth They tend to avoid deflationist accounts of truth that require verification in order to be valid Instead they advocate a different method they refer to as pragmatic explanation This is about explaining the way in which a concept is utilized in practice and identifying the requirements to be met in order to determine whether the concept is true This approach is often criticized for being an example of formrelativism But it is more moderate than the deflationist alternatives and therefore is a good way to get around some of the issues associated with relativist theories of truth As a result many liberatory philosophical projects like those that are associated with ecofeminism feminism Native American philosophy and Latin American philosophy currently look at the pragmatist tradition for guidance Quine is one example He is an analytic philosopher who has embraced pragmatism in a way that Dewey could not While pragmatism has a rich tradition it is crucial to recognize that there are also some significant flaws in the philosophy Particularly pragmatism does not provide an objective test of truth and it is not applicable to moral questions A few of the most influential pragmaticists like Quine and Wilfrid Sellars also criticised the philosophy Richard Rorty and Robert Brandom are among philosophers who have brought the philosophy from the insignificance Although these philosophers arent classical pragmatists they do contribute significantly to the pragmatism philosophy and draw on the work of Peirce James and Wittgenstein in their writings The works of these philosophers are worth reading by anyone interested in this philosophical movement