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Pragmatic Genuine Philosophy Pragmatism is a philosophy that emphasizes experience and context It may lack an explicit set of fundamental principles or a coherent ethical framework This can lead to an absence of idealistic goals or transformative changes In contrast to deflationary theories pragmatic theories do not reject the notion that statements are related to actual states of affairs They only explain the role truth plays in practical endeavors Definition Pragmatic is a term used to describe things or people who are practical logical and sensible It is frequently used to differentiate between idealistic which is an idea or person that is based upon high principles or ideals When making a decision the sensible person takes into consideration the real world and the current circumstances They focus on what is feasible instead of trying to find the ideal outcome Pragmatism is an emerging philosophical movement that stresses the importance of practical implications in determining the value truth or value It is an alternative in contrast to the dominant continental and analytical traditions Founded by Charles Sanders Peirce and William James with Josiah Royce as its founders pragmatism evolved into two distinct streams one of which is akin to relativism and the other toward realist thought The nature of truth is a major issue in pragmatism While many pragmatists agree truth is a key concept they are not sure how to define it and how it is used in the real world One approach influenced by Peirce and James is focused on the ways in which people tackle questions and make assertions It prioritizes the speechact and justification tasks of languageusers in determining whether something is true Another approach that is that is influenced by Rorty and his followers focuses on the relatively mundane functions of truthhow it is used to generalize admonish and warnand is not concerned with a complete theory of truth This neopragmatic interpretation of truth has two flaws First it flirts with relativism Truth is a concept that has such a rich and longstanding history that its unlikely its meaning can be reduced to everyday applications as pragmatists do The second flaw is that pragmatism also appears to be a way of thinking that rejects the existence of truth at a minimum in its metaphysical and fundamental form 프라그마틱 환수율 is reflected in the fact that pragmatists such as Brandom who owes an obligation to Peirce and James are generally absent from metaphysicsrelated questions while Deweys extensive writings have only one reference to the issue of truth Purpose The aim of pragmatism is to offer an alternative to analytic and Continental traditions of philosophy The first generation of pragmatists was founded by Charles Sanders Peirce and William James alongside their Harvard colleague Josiah Royce 18551916 These classical pragmatists emphasized theorizing inquiry and meaning and the nature of truth Their influence was felt by several influential American thinkers like John Dewey 18591952 who applied the concepts to education as well as other aspects of social development and Jane Addams 18601935 who founded social work In recent times a new generation has given pragmatism a wider forum for discussion Although they differ from the classical pragmatists many of these neopragmatists consider themselves to be part of the same tradition Their most prominent figure is Robert Brandom whose work is focused on semantics and the philosophy of language but who also draws on the philosophy of Peirce and James Neopragmatists have a distinct perception of what is required for an idea to be real The classical pragmatists focused on a concept called truthfunctionality which states that an idea is genuinely true if it is useful in practice Neopragmatists instead focus on the idea ideal justified assertibility which declares that an idea is true if it is justifiable to a certain audience in a certain way This view is not without its problems It is often criticized as being used to justify illogical and absurd theories One example is the gremlin hypothesis that is a truly useful concept that works in practice but its totally unsubstantiated and most likely untrue This isnt a huge issue however it does point out one of the main flaws of pragmatism that it can be used to justify almost everything which includes many absurd ideas Significance When making decisions the term practical refers to considering the actual world and its conditions It is also used to refer to a philosophical perspective that focuses on the practical consequences when determining the meaning or truth William James 18421910 first employed the term pragmatism describe this viewpoint in a lecture at the University of California Berkeley James claimed to have coined the term with his mentor and colleague Charles Sanders Peirce but the pragmatist perspective soon gained its own name The pragmatists rejected the stark dichotomies in analytic philosophy such as truth and value thoughts and experiences mind and body analytic and synthetic and so on They also rebuffed the idea of truth as something fixed or objective and instead saw it as a dynamic sociallydetermined notion Classical pragmatists focused primarily on the theory of inquiry meaning and the nature of truth but James put these themes to work by exploring the truth of religion John Dewey 18591952 was a major influence on a new generation of pragmatists who applied this method to education politics and other aspects of social improvement In recent years Neopragmatists have tried to put pragmatism within a wider Western philosophical framework They have identified the commonalities between Peirces ideas and those of Kant and other idealists of the 19th century and the emerging science of evolution theory They also have sought to clarify the role of truth in an original epistemology of a posteriori and to create a pragmatic metaphilosophy which includes an understanding of meaning language and the nature of knowledge However pragmatism has continued to develop and the a posteriori epistemology it developed is still considered a significant departure from more traditional approaches The pragmatic theory has been criticised for centuries but in recent years it has received more attention Some of these include the notion that pragmatism is ineffective when applied to moral issues and that its assertion of what works is nothing more than relativism that has an unpolished appearance Methods For Peirce his pragmatic understanding of truth was a key part of his epistemological approach Peirce saw it as a method to undermine metaphysical concepts that were false such as the Catholic notion of transubstantiation Cartesian methods of seeking certainty in epistemology and Kants concept of a thinginself Simson 2010 The Pragmatic Maxim according to many modern pragmatists is the most reliable thing one can hope for from a theory about truth They tend to avoid deflationist claims of truth that need to be verified in order to be valid They advocate a different approach they refer to as pragmatic explanation This is the process of explaining how the concept is used in practice and identifying requirements that must be met to confirm it as true This approach is often criticized as an example of formrelativism But it is more moderate than the deflationist alternatives and thus is a great way of getting around some of the issues with relativism theories of truth In the wake of this a number of liberatory philosophical initiatives such as those associated to ecophilosophy and feminism Native American philosophy and Latin American philosophy look for guidance in the pragmatist tradition Moreover many philosophers of the analytic tradition such as Quine have adopted pragmatism with a level of enthusiasm that Dewey himself was unable to attain Although pragmatism has a long legacy it is important to recognize that there are significant flaws in the philosophy In particular the philosophy of pragmatism is not a meaningful test of truth and is not applicable to moral questions Quine Wilfrid Solars and other pragmatists have also critiqued the philosophy Yet it has been brought back from obscurity by a diverse range of philosophers including Richard Rorty Cornel West and Robert Brandom While these philosophers are not classical pragmatists they do have a lot in common with the philosophy of pragmatism and draw upon the work of Peirce James and Wittgenstein in their writings These works of philosophers are worth reading by anyone interested in this philosophical movement