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Study of Chinese Learners Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs awareness and capacity to tap into the benefits of relationships as well as the learnerinternal aspects were crucial For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both mentioned their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their pragmatic choice to not criticize an uncompromising professor see the example 2 This article reviews all locally published practical research on Korean up to 2020 It focuses on pragmatic core topics such as Discourse Construction Tests DCTs The discourse completion test is a commonly used tool in pragmatic research It has many advantages but also a few disadvantages The DCT for example does not take into account individual and cultural variations The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations It should be carefully analyzed before it is used in research or assessment Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool for analyzing the relationship between prosody information structure and nonnative speakers Its ability to use two or more stages to manipulate social variables related to politeness is a plus This ability can aid researchers study the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts a key issue in crosscultural pragmatics In the field linguistics DCT is one of the most effective tools used for analyzing communication behaviors of learners 프라그마틱 게임 can be used to analyze many issues such as politeness turntaking and the use of lexical terms It can be used to evaluate the phonological difficulty of learners speaking A recent study employed a DCT to test EFL students refusal skills The participants were given various scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the options provided The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings However they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of methods for collecting data DCTs are typically developed with specific linguistic criteria in mind such as the content and the form These criteria are based on intuition and is based on the assumptions made by the test designers They are not always precise and could misrepresent how ELF learners respond to requests in realworld interactions This issue calls for further research on alternative methods of testing refusal competence In a recent research study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared with the responses of an oral DCT The results revealed that the DCT was more direct and conventionally formbased requests and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did Metapragmatic Questionnaires MQs This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean It employed various tools for experimentation including Discourse Completion Tasks metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews Participants were 46 CLKs of upperintermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs They were also asked for reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to reject native Korean pragmatic norms Their choices were influenced primarily by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities their current life histories as well as their relationships These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment The MQ data were analysed to identify the participants choices in terms of their pragmatics The data was classified according to Ishihara 2010s definition of pragmatic resistance Then we compared the selections with their linguistic performance using DCTs to determine if they are indicative of pragmatic resistance Additionally the participants were asked to explain their decision to use pragmatic language in a given scenario The results of the MQs DCTs and ztests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and z tests It was discovered that the CLKs often resorted to euphemistic responses such as sorry and thank you This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which resulted in an inadequate understanding of korea pragmatic norms The results revealed that CLKs preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT circumstances For example in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they favored converging to L1 norms The RIs also revealed CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation The RIs were conducted onetoone within two days after the participants completed the MQs The RIs which were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent who then coded them The coding process was an iterative process where the coders discussed and read each transcript The results of coding are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior Refusal Interviews RIs The central issue in research on pragmatics is Why do certain learners decide to not accept nativespeaker norms A recent study sought to answer this question employing a range of experimental tools such as DCTs MQs and RIs Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2 levels They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario The results showed that on average the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 of their answers They did so even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance They attributed their resistance to learnerinternal factors like their personality and multilingual identities They also mentioned external factors like relational advantages For instance they discussed how their relationships with professors helped facilitate an easier performance in relation to the linguistic and intercultural rules of their university However the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties they could be subjected to if they strayed from the local social norms They were concerned that their native counterparts might perceive them as foreignersand believe that they are unintelligent This concern was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown 2013 and Ishihara 2009 These results suggest that nativespeaker pragmatic norms are not the default preference of Korean learners They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing Future researchers should reconsider the usefulness of these tests in various contexts and in particular situations This will allow them to better understand the effects of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of L2 students This will also aid educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics Seukhoon Paul Choi principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul is a geopolitical risk consulting Case Studies The case study method is an investigative strategy that employs participantcentered indepth investigations to investigate a particular subject This method uses various sources of data like interviews observations and documents to confirm its findings This kind of investigation can be used to study complicated or unique subjects that are difficult for other methods to assess The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject matter and the purpose of the study This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject must be investigated and which aspects can be left out It is also helpful to study the literature to gain a general knowledge of the subject and put the issue in a wider theoretical context This case study was based upon an opensource platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard 50 as well as its benchmarks for Koreans HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar figure 1 below The results of the experiment revealed that the L2 Korean students were extremely susceptible to native models They tended to choose wrong answers which were literal interpretations This was a deviation from the correct pragmatic inference They also had an unnatural tendency to add their own text or garbage to their responses further reducing their response quality The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had attained level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year at university and hoped to achieve level six on their next attempt They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTCSPCC and pragmatic awareness and comprehension The interviewees were presented two scenarios each of which involved a hypothetical interaction with their coworkers and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making an inquiry They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality For instance TS claimed that she was hard to get close to and therefore was reluctant to inquire about her interactants wellbeing with an intense workload despite her belief that native Koreans would do this