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Study of Chinese Learners Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs awareness and capacity to tap into the benefits of relationships as well as learnerinternal elements were important For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their decision to not criticize a strict professor see example 2 This article reviews all local practical research on Korean up to 2020 It focuses on the practical fundamental topics like Discourse Construction Tests The test for discourse completion is a common tool in pragmatic research It has numerous advantages however it also has some drawbacks The DCT is one example It does not take into account individual and cultural differences Additionally it is also the case that the DCT is prone to bias and may cause overgeneralizations It is essential to analyze it carefully before being used for research or assessment Despite its limitations the DCT is a valuable instrument to study the connection between prosody information structure and nonnative speakers The ability to manipulate social variables relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a benefit This feature can be used to study the role of prosody in different cultural contexts In the field of linguistics the DCT is now one of the primary tools to analyze learners communication behaviors It can be used to examine a variety of issues that include politeness turntaking and lexical choices It can also be used to determine the phonological difficulty of learners speech Recent research utilized an DCT as tool to evaluate the skills of refusal among EFL students Participants were presented with an array of scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the options provided The authors found the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods like videos or questionnaires Researchers cautioned however that the DCT should be employed with caution They also recommended using other data collection methods DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics such as the form and content These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test designers They arent always exact and could be misleading in describing the way ELF learners actually reject requests in realworld interactions This issue calls for further research on alternative methods of measuring refusal competence In a recent research study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared with those from an oral DCT The results revealed that the DCT promoted more direct and conventionally formbased requests and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did Metapragmatic Questionnaires MQs This study explored Chinese learners pragmatic choices in their use of Korean by using a range of experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks DCTs metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews RIs Participants were 46 CLKs with intermediate or higher ability who responded to DCTs and MQs They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal responses in RIs The results showed that CLKs are more likely to defy native Korean norms of pragmatism Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities their current life histories as well as their relational affordances These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment The MQ data was analyzed in order to determine the participants practical choices The data were classified according to Ishiharas 2010 definition of pragmatic resistance Then the choices were matched with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine whether they reflected pragmatic resistance or not Additionally the participants were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a specific scenario The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Ztests The CLKs were found to employ euphemistic phrases such as sorry or thank you This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages leading to a lack of understanding of korean pragmatic norms The results revealed that CLKs preferences for either converging to L1 norms or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations For instance in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they favored converging to L1 norms The RIs showed that CLKs were aware of their logical resistance to every DCT situation The RIs were conducted onetoone within two days after the participants completed the MQs The RIs were recorded and transcribed and then coded by two independent coders The coding was an iterative process in which the coders read and discussed each transcript The coding results were then contrasted with the original RI transcripts giving an indication of how well the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors Refusal Interviews RIs One of the major questions in pragmatic research is why some learners choose to resist the pragmatic norms of native speakers Recent research attempted to answer this question by using several experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs The participants consisted of 46 CLKs 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities They were required to complete the DCTs in their first language and complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2 They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT situation The results showed that CLKs on average did not conform to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses They did this even though they were able to create patterns that resembled native speakers They were also conscious of their own pragmatism They attributed their choices to learnerinternal aspects such as their identities personalities multilingual identities and ongoing life histories They also mentioned external factors such as relational affordances They described for example how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and cultural norms at their university However the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and consequences they could be subjected to if they strayed from their local social norms They were worried that their native friends might perceive them as foreignersand believe that they are ignorant This concern was similar to the concerns voiced by Brown 2013 and Ishihara 2009 These results suggest that nativespeaker pragmatic norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests But 프라그마틱 체험 would be prudent for future researchers to revisit their applicability in specific situations and in various cultural contexts This will help them better know how different cultures can affect the pragmatic behavior of L2 students in the classroom and beyond Furthermore this will help educators create more effective methods to teach and test the koreas pragmatics Seukhoon Paul Choi principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul is a geopolitical risk consultancy Case Studies The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes deep participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic This method makes use of numerous sources of information such as interviews observations and documents to support its findings This kind of investigation can be used to study specific or complicated issues that are difficult to other methods to measure In a case study the first step is to clearly define the subject and the purpose of the study This will help determine what aspects of the subject are important for research and which can be omitted It is also helpful to read the research to gain a broad understanding of the subject It will also help place the case in a larger theoretical context This study was conducted on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard 50 and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea HyperCLOVA X and LDCCSolar figure 1 below The results of the experiment showed that L2 Korean students were particularly susceptible to native models 무료 프라그마틱 were more likely to select incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts thereby ignoring precise pragmatic inference They also showed a strong tendency to add their own words or garbage to their responses This further reduced the quality of their responses Additionally the participants in this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK at their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTCSPCC as well as comprehension and pragmatic awareness Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations which involved interactions with their counterparts and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making an offer Interviewees were then asked to justify their decision Most of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality For 프라그마틱 이미지 TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to and therefore was reluctant to inquire about the wellbeing of her friend with a heavy workload despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would do this